Leveraging the China-Europe Tourism Dialogue hosted by the World Tourism Alliance, the Hangzhou cultural tourism delegation recently held promotional events in Budapest, Hungary, and Zurich, Switzerland.

世界旅游联盟主办的中欧旅游对话框架下，杭州文化旅游代表团近日在匈牙利布达佩斯和瑞士苏黎世举办了一系列推广活动。

They launched the "Hangzhou, a window into China's 5,000-year history" international tourism product, showcasing Hangzhou's perfect blend of culture and nature in the post-Asian Games era.

他们推出了“杭州，五千年中国历史的窗口”国际旅游产品，展示了亚运会后杭州文化与自然完美融合的风貌。

This year marks the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Hungary and the 25th anniversary of the sister-city relationship between Hangzhou and Budapest. The "Hangzhou Night" event on the Danube River attracted over 300 guests, offering an immersive introduction to Hangzhou's 5,000-year history and cultural heritage, including the Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins, the Grand Canal, West Lake, Xixi Wetland, Qiandao Lake, and the Qiantang River.

今年正值中匈建交75周年及杭州与布达佩斯建立友好城市关系25周年。多瑙河畔的“杭州之夜”活动吸引了超过300位嘉宾，通过沉浸式体验向嘉宾们介绍了杭州五千年的历史与文化遗产，包括良渚古城遗址、京杭大运河、西湖、西溪湿地、千岛湖以及钱塘江等。

The event also featured a Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins photo exhibition, which drew interest with its displays of ancient water engineering, exquisite jade carvings, and mysterious mythical beast motifs. Attendees enjoyed traditional Jiangnan music and dance performances, getting a close-up experience of Hangzhou's rich cultural heritage.

活动还举办了良渚古城遗址图片展，展示了古代水利工程、精美的玉器雕刻以及神秘的神话兽纹图案，吸引了众多目光。嘉宾们还欣赏了传统的江南音乐与舞蹈表演，近距离感受了杭州丰富的文化遗产。

Zhang Xu, former vice-minister of Culture and Tourism and chairman of the World Tourism Alliance, praised the unique and splendid "Hangzhou Night." Hungarian Tourism Agency CEO Laszlo Konnyid expressed deep admiration for Hangzhou and announced plans to visit soon to further promote tourism collaboration.

世界旅游联盟主席、原文化和旅游部副部长张旭对独特而精彩的“杭州之夜”活动表示赞赏。匈牙利旅游局首席执行官Laszlo Konnyid对杭州表达了深深的敬意，并宣布计划近期访问杭州，以进一步推动旅游合作。

The Hangzhou cultural tourism promotional event in Zurich was lauded as the largest, mostwell-received, and effective ever held in the city. A promotional film titled What is Hangzhou, using 3D animation and live-action footage, provided an accessible introduction to Hangzhou for the international audience.

在苏黎世举办的杭州文化旅游推广活动被誉为该市有史以来规模最大、最受欢迎且效果最佳的一次。一部名为《何为杭州》的宣传片，采用3D动画与实拍镜头相结合的方式，为国际观众提供了了解杭州的便捷途径。

In the first half of this year, Hangzhou saw a 163.75-percent year-on-year increase in inbound tourists, with the top 10 source countries being the United States, Malaysia, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore, Australia, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia, and Canada. According to Trip.com, in the second quarter, inbound tourism orders in 23 Chinese cities grew by 42 percent compared to the first quarter, with Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Hangzhou leading the way.

今年上半年，杭州入境游客数量同比增长163.75%，前十大客源国分别是美国、马来西亚、韩国、越南、新加坡、澳大利亚、日本、泰国、印度尼西亚和加拿大。据携程网数据显示，第二季度中国23个城市的入境游订单较第一季度增长了42%，其中上海、深圳、广州、北京和杭州位居前列。

Scientists have for the first time discovered a cave on the Moon.

科学家首次在月球上发现了一个洞穴。

At least 100m deep, it could be an ideal place for humans to build a permanent base, they say.

据科学家称，这个洞穴至少有100米深，可能是人类建造永久性基地的理想场所。

It is just one in probably hundreds of caves hidden in an "underground, undiscovered world", according to the researchers.

研究人员表示，这只是隐藏在“地下、尚未发现的世界”中的数百个洞穴之一。

Countries are racing to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon, but they will need to protect astronauts from radiation, extreme temperatures, and space weather.

各国都在竞相在月球上建立永久性的人类基地，但他们需要保护宇航员免受辐射、 极端温度和太空天气的影响。

Helen Sharman, the first British astronaut to travel to space, told BBC News that the newly-discovered cave looked like a good place for a base, and suggested humans could potentially be living in lunar pits in 20-30 years.

首位进入太空的英国宇航员海伦·沙曼告诉BBC，新发现的洞穴看起来是个不错的基地选址， 并暗示人类可能在未来20到30年内居住在月球坑洞中。

But, she said, this cave is so deep that astronauts might need to abseil in and use "jet packs or a lift" to get out.

但是，她表示，这个洞穴如此之深，以至于宇航员可能需要使用绳索下降进入洞穴，并借助“喷气背包或升降机”离开。

Lorenzo Bruzzone and Leonardo Carrer at the University of Trento in Italy found the cave by using radar to penetrate the opening of a pit on a rocky plain called the Mare Tranquillitatis.

意大利特伦托大学的洛伦佐·布鲁佐内和莱昂纳多·卡雷尔通过雷达穿透一个名为“宁静海”的岩石平原上一个坑洞的开口，发现了这个洞穴。

It is visible to the naked eye from Earth, and is also where Apollo 11 landed in 1969.

这个洞穴在地球上肉眼可见，也是阿波罗11号1969年登陆月球的地点。

The cave has a skylight on the Moon's surface, leading down to vertical and overhanging walls, and a sloping floor that might extend further underground.

这个洞穴在月球表面有一个天窗，通向垂直和悬垂的墙壁， 以及一个可能延伸到地下更深处的倾斜地面。

It was made millions or billions of years ago when lava flowed on the Moon, creating a tunnel through the rock.

它是在数百万年或数十亿年前月球上的熔岩流动时形成的，熔岩穿透了岩石，形成了隧道。

The closest equivalent on Earth would be the volcanic caves in Lanzarote, Spain, Prof Carrer explains, adding that the researchers visited those caves as part of their work.

卡雷尔教授解释说，地球上最接近的类似物是西班牙兰萨罗特岛的火山洞穴， 并补充说研究人员曾作为工作的一部分参观过这些洞穴。

"It's really exciting. When you make these discoveries and you look at these images, you realise you're the first person in the history of humanity to see it," Prof Carrer said.

“这真的很令人兴奋。当你做出这些发现并看着这些图像时，你会意识到自己是人类历史上第一个看到它的人，” 卡雷尔教授说。

Once Prof Bruzzone and Prof Carrer understood how big the cave was, they realised it could be a good spot for a lunar base.

布鲁佐内教授和卡雷尔教授在了解了洞穴的规模之后，他们意识到这个地方非常适合作为月球基地的选址。

"After all, life on Earth began in caves, so it makes sense that humans could live inside them on the Moon," says Prof Carrer.

“毕竟，地球上的生命始于洞穴，所以人类能在月球洞穴中居住是有道理的，”卡雷尔教授说。

The cave has yet to be fully explored, but the researchers hope that ground-penetrating radar, cameras or even robots could be used to map it.

该洞穴尚未得到全面勘探，但研究人员希望使用地面穿透雷达、摄像机，甚至机器人来绘制其地图。

Scientists first realised there were probably caves on the Moon around 50 years ago. Then in 2010 a camera on a mission called the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter took pictures of pits that scientists thought could be cave entrances.

科学家们大约在50年前首次意识到月球上可能存在洞穴。然后在2010年，在执行月球勘测轨道飞行器任务时，搭载其上的相机拍摄了科学家们认为可能是洞穴入口的坑洞的照片。

But researchers did not know how deep the caves might be, or if they would have collapsed.

但是，研究人员不知道这些洞穴可能有多深，或者它们是否已经坍塌。

Prof Bruzzone and Prof Carrer's work has now answered that question, although there is much more to be done to understand the full scale of the cave.

布鲁佐内教授和卡雷尔教授的研究现已解答了这个问题，尽管还有更多工作要做，以了解洞穴的全部规模。

"We have very good images of the surface - up to 25 centimeters of resolution - we can see the Apollo landing sites - but we know nothing about what lies below the surface. There are huge opportunities for discovery," Francesco Sauro, Coordinator of the Topical Team Planetary Caves of the European Space Agency, told BBC News.

欧洲航天局行星洞穴专题小组协调员弗朗西斯科·索罗告诉BBC：“我们拥有非常清晰的表面图像，分辨率高达25厘米，我们可以看到阿波罗号的着陆点， 但我们对地表以下的情况一无所知。有巨大的发现机会。”

The research may also help us explore caves on Mars in the future, he says.

他表示，这项研究未来或许还能帮助我们探索火星上的洞穴。

That could open the door to finding evidence of life on Mars, because if it did exist, it would almost certainly have been inside caves protected from the elements on the planet's surface.

这可能会为发现火星上的生命迹象打开大门，因为如果火星上确实存在过生命， 那么这些生命几乎肯定会在洞穴中得到保护，免受星球表面恶劣环境的影响。

The Moon cave might be useful to humans, but the scientists also stress that it could help answer fundamental questions about the history of the Moon, and even our solar system. The rocks inside the cave will not be as damaged or eroded by space weather, so they can provide an extensive geological record going back billions of years.

月球洞穴对人类来说可能是有用的，但科学家们也强调， 它可能有助于回答关于月球乃至我们太阳系历史的基本问题。洞穴内的岩石不会受到太空天气那么严重的破坏或侵蚀， 因此它们能够提供数十亿年之久的地质记录。

The research is published in the scientific journal Nature Astronomy.

这项研究发表在科学期刊《自然天文学》上。